Rembrandt
| Rembrandt van Rijn | |
|---|---|
Self-Portrait with Beret and Turned-Up Collar(1659), National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
| |
| Born | Rembrant Harmenszoon van Rijn 15 July 1606[1] Leiden, Dutch Republic (now the Netherlands) |
| Died | 4 October 1669 (aged 63) Amsterdam, Dutch Republic (now the Netherlands) |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Known for | Painting, Printmaking |
| Notable work | The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, 1632 Belshazzar's Feast, 1635 The Night Watch, 1642 Bathsheba at Her Bath, 1654 Syndics of the Drapers' Guild, 1662 |
| Movement | Dutch Golden Age Baroque |
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (/ˈrɛmbrænt, -brɑːnt/;[2] Dutch: [ˈrɛmbrɑnt ˈɦɑrmə(n)soːn vɑn ˈrɛin] (
listen); 15 July 1606[1] – 4 October 1669) was a Dutch draughtsman, painter and printmaker. A prolific and versatile masteracross three media, he is generally considered one of the greatest visual artists in the history of art and the most important in Dutch art history.[3] Unlike most Dutch Masters of the 17th century, Rembrandt's works depict a wide range of style and subject matter, from portraits, self-portraits, to landscapes, genre scenes, allegorical and historical scenes, biblical and mythological themes as well as animal studies. His contributions to art came in a period of great wealth and cultural achievement that historians call the Dutch Golden Age when Dutch Golden Age painting, although in many ways antithetical to the Baroque style that dominated Europe, was extremely prolific and innovative, and gave rise to important new genres in painting.
listen); 15 July 1606[1] – 4 October 1669) was a Dutch draughtsman, painter and printmaker. A prolific and versatile masteracross three media, he is generally considered one of the greatest visual artists in the history of art and the most important in Dutch art history.[3] Unlike most Dutch Masters of the 17th century, Rembrandt's works depict a wide range of style and subject matter, from portraits, self-portraits, to landscapes, genre scenes, allegorical and historical scenes, biblical and mythological themes as well as animal studies. His contributions to art came in a period of great wealth and cultural achievement that historians call the Dutch Golden Age when Dutch Golden Age painting, although in many ways antithetical to the Baroque style that dominated Europe, was extremely prolific and innovative, and gave rise to important new genres in painting.
Rembrandt never went abroad, but he was considerably influenced by the work of the Italian old masters and Netherlandish (Low Countries) painters who had studied in Italy, like Pieter Lastman, the Utrecht Caravaggists, and Flemish Baroque Peter Paul Rubens. Having achieved youthful success as a portrait painter, Rembrandt's later years were marked by personal tragedy and financial hardships. Yet his etchings and paintings were popular throughout his lifetime, his reputation as an artist remained high,[4] and for twenty years he taught many important Dutch painters.[5]
Rembrandt's greatest creative triumphs are his portraits of his contemporaries, self-portraits and illustrations of scenes from the Bible. His self-portraits form a unique and intimate biography, in which the artist surveyed himself without vanity and with the utmost sincerity.[3] His reputation as the greatest etcher in the history of the medium was established in his lifetime, and never questioned since. Few of his paintings left the Dutch Republic whilst he lived, but his prints were circulated throughout Europe, and his wider reputation was initially based on them alone.
In his paintings and prints he exhibited knowledge of classical iconography, which he molded to fit the requirements of his own experience; thus, the depiction of a biblical scene was informed by Rembrandt's knowledge of the specific text, his assimilation of classical composition, and his observations of Amsterdam's Jewish population.[6]Because of his empathy for the human condition, he has been called "one of the great prophets of civilization."[7]
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